A READING
People have been donating blood since the early twentieth
century to help accident victims and patients undergoing surgical
procedures. Usually a pint of whole blood is donated, and it is then
divided into platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells. People
can donate blood (for red blood cells) about once every two months.
Transfusing the blood from the donor to the recipient is
straightforward. It involves taking the blood from a donor's arm vein
by means of a hypodermic syringe. The blood flows through a plastic
tube to a collection bag or bottle that contains sodium citrate, which
prevents the blood from clotting.
When the blood is given to a patient, a plastic tube and
hypodermic needle are connected to the recipient's arm. The blood
flows down from the container by gravity. This is a slow process and
may last as long as 2 hours to complete the infusion of blood into the
recipient. The patient is protected from being infected during the
transfusion. Only sterile containers, tubing, and needles are used,
and this helps ensure that transfused or stored blood is not exposed
to diseasecausing bacteria.
Negative reactions to transfusions are not unusual. The recipient
may suffer an allergic reaction or be sensitive to donor leukocytes.
Some may suffer from an undetected red-cell incompatibility.
Unexplained reactions are also fairly common. Although they are
rare, other causes of such negative reactions include contaminated
blood, air bubbles in the blood, overloading of the circulatory system
through administration of excess blood, or sensitivity to donor
plasma or platelets.
Today, hospitals and blood banks go to great lengths to screen all
blood donors and their blood. All donated blood is routinely and
rigorously tested for diseases, such as HIV (which causes AIDS),
hepatitis B, and syphilis. When the recipient is a newborn or an
infant, the blood is usually irradiated to eliminate harmful elements.
Donated blood is washed, and the white blood cells and platelets are
removed.
Storing the blood sometimes requires a freezing process. To
freeze the red blood cells, a glycerol solution is added. To unfreeze,
the glycerol is removed. The ability to store blood for long periods
has been a boon to human health.

(Adapted From Peterson's Master Toefl Reading Skills)

1. Which of the following best serves as the title for the passage?
A.The importance of Blood
B.Blood Donation
C.Blood Storage
D.How to Transfuse to The
Recipient
2.Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the word
“donating”

in paragraph 1?
A. Adorning
B. Giving
C. Taking
D. Distributing
3. In paragraph 1, the word “it” refers to ________________ .
A. accident victims
B. surgical procedures
C. a pint of whole blood
D. surgery patients
4. According to the passage, how often can people donate blood for
red blood cells?
A. Every four months
B. Every three months
C. Every two months
D. Every month
5. All of the following are mentioned as potential negative reactions
to
transfusions EXCEPT:
A. allergies
B. red-cell incompatibility
C. air bubbles in the blood
D. sensitivity to donor
leukocytes
6.What answer choice is closest in meaning to the word
“undetected” in
paragraph 4?
A.Not wanted
B.Not captured C. Not found
D.Not
illustrated
7. Based on the information in the passage, what can be inferred
about blood
transfused to infants and newborns?
A.It is as rigorously tested as blood for adults.
B.It is treated with radiant energy.
C.It is not treated differently from adults.
D.It is not dangerous for children.
8. What does the author imply in the passage?
A.Transfusing blood is a dangerous process.
B.Storing blood benefits mankind.
C.Clotting cannot be prevented.
D.Freezing blood destroys platelets.
B Pronunciation
9.A.honesty
B.hour
C.honor
D.hair
10.A.remove
B.wet
C.pretty
D.decide
C.Stress
11.A.reserve
B.schedule
C.wildlife
D.beauty
12.A.interest
B.interfer
C.pioneer
D.require
D.Synonym
13.The National Institute of Mental Health is conducting farreaching
research to determine the psychological effects of using drugs.
A.refined
B.extensive
C.prevalent
D.tentative

14. Everything was in a thorough mess.
A.dirty
B.complete
C.passive
D. full
E.Antonym
15.Many young people tend to pay through the nose for the
latest models
of smartphones, which go out of fashion soon afterwards.
A.spend a small amount of money B.waste a lot of money
C.charge a small sum of money
D.pay a large amount of
money
16.There are several different kinds of faults in reading which are
usually
more exaggerated with foreign learners.
A.overestimated
B.understated
C.overemphasized
D.undertaken
F.Errror Identification
17.The survey shows that today's generation of young people
generally get
along well with their parents and appreciate the way they're
being risen.
A.today's generation B.get along C.appreciate
D.being risen
18. His parents asked him to buy books which he found them useful
and
necessary for his study.
A. to buy
B.them
C. necessary
D. study
19. Neither the clerks nor the department manager are being
considered for
promotion this time.
A.nor
B.department C. are
D.for
promotion
F.Choose the best answer
20.He is living a ____________ house
A.wooden small old
B. wooden old small
C.small old wooden
D. small wooden old
21.Students are not allowed __________dictionaries in the final
examination. 
A. using 
B. being used 
C. use 
D. to use 
22.It is recommended that she _______ a specialist about the
problem.
A. to see 
B. see
C. sees
D. seeing 
23.In the past, women were economically______ on their husbands or
fathers.
A. expected
B. demanded
C. reliable
D.
dependent

24. China is one of the most________ populated areas in the world.
A.thick
B.perfectly
C. densely
D.crowded
25.If you are________ of hearing, these hearing aids will be
invaluable.
A.hard
B. poor
B. weak
D.ill
26.Nobody took any_______ of the warning and they went swimming
in the
dangerous water.
A. notice
B. attention
C. information
D. sight
27._________in the next room, her voice is like _________ of a boy.
A.Hearing, the sound
B.Heard, the ones
C.Heard, that
D.Having been heard, those
28.The three sons wanted to find some gold _________ underground.
A. hidden
B. to hide
C. hiding
D. hid
29. He didn't think you would succeed , ______________ .
A. did he
B. would you
C. didn't he
D. wouldn't you
30.If you keep a dog, you won't have your house _______ as easily as
I did.
A.break into
B.be broken into
C. broken into D.being
broken into
31. He tried to ______ all the trouble he had caused.
A. make up for B. make up in
C. make up at
D. make
up on
32. - Do you know the girl ______ long hair?
- Yes, she is a girl ______ few words.
A. with, with
B.of, of
C. of, with
D. with ,of
33. The suspension bridge is __________ between the two towers.
A.4,200 feet long
B.4,200-foot-long
C.4,200-foot in length
D.4,200 foot long
34._______ what he has said be true? - Yes, it ________ be true.
A. May, may
B. Can, can
C. May, must
D. Can, must
35. If I had passed the exam , my parents wouldn't have been
disappointed .
A. I wish I had passed the exam so that my parents wouldn't
have been
disappointed .
B. If only I had passed the exam so that my parents wouldn't
have been
disappointed .
C. I didn't pass the exam , so my parents were disappointed .
D. All are correct .
36. In most_____ developed countries, up to 50% of____ population
enters

higher education at some time in their lives.
A. the / 0
B. 0/ 0
C. the/ a
D. 0 /the
37.That skyscraper is said to have been built in 1930
A.They said that skyscraper was built in 1930
B.It was said that skyscraper was built in 1930
C.They are said that skyscraper is built in 1930
D.It is said that skyscraper was built in 1930
38.She did all the work _________ her own.
A. by
B. on
C. for
D. at
39. students are restrained from eating bananas prior to an exam for
__________ of failing “like sliding on a banana skin”
A. fear
B. cheer
C. scare
D. anger
40. Over fifty thousand English words are derived ______ the Greek
language.
A.of
B.off
C.for
D.from
41.Many university students _______ spent their summer vacations
teaching
illiterate people to read and write.
A. freely
B. consciously
C. gradually
D. voluntarily
42.At present, more and more people are taking part in the struggle
_____
illiteracy
A. for
B. with
C. against
D. to
43.The government has launched a ______ aimed at educating young
people
about the dangers of drugs.
A. struggle
B. program
C. combat
D.
campaign
44.Do volunteers often spend time_________ other people in hospitals,
orphanages or homes for the aged?
A. help
B. helping
C. to help
D. helped
45.This is informal school. It__________classes to disadvantaged
children in
my town.
A. provides
B. provide
C. providing
D. provided